Acta Chinese Medicine

Current Issue

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Thinking for Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Disease-Syndrome Combination

    SONG Chundong;Pediatric Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;School of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    The occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease(CKD) is closely related to the deficiency of Zheng Qi.The deficiency of Zheng Qi is the internal basis of the disease, and the dysfunction of Zang and Fu is an important manifestation.Common clinical factors such as insufficient congenital endowment, acquired malnutrition or drug toxicity constitute the internal basis of CKD.On the internal basis of Zheng Qi deficiency, external factors such as external Evil Factor invasion, eating disorder, and emotional disorder can induce the endogenous generation of inner Evil Factor, which in turn exacerbates the progression of CKD.When treating CKD in clinical treatment, it is necessary to grasp the common law of disease diagnosis in western medicine, and pay attention to the individualized characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation, so as to form a diagnosis and treatment model of "disease differentiation first and syndrome differentiation the key".When the patient has typical clinical manifestations of a disease, syndrome differentiation treatment can be carried out according to the characteristics of the disease; If there are no obvious typical manifestations, treatment should be carried out according to the pathogenesis.The diagnosis and treatment idea of integrative medicine in the treatment of CKD is based on the deep integration of the etiology and pathogenesis theory of traditional Chinese and western medicine, combining the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine with the differentiation of diseases in western medicine, not only paying attention to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of CKD,such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but also grasping the core pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine, fully considering the characteristics of Spleen and Kidney deficiency, Dampness and stasis, so as to formulate an individualized treatment plan.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 134K]

  • Rethinking on Pathogenesis Essence of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis in Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Metabolic Reprogramming

    BI Jingxin;LI Jing;Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    Chronic kidney disease(CKD) has a high incidence and poor prognosis, making it a public health concern worldwide.Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenesis of CKD-related renal fibrosis is primarily based on Qi deficiency, with blood stasis as the manifestation, making Qi deficiency and blood stasis the key pathogenic mechanism.In recent years, emerging research has emphasized the importance of metabolic dysregulation in CKD pathophysiology, suggesting that the kidney, as the body′s second largest energy-consuming organ after the heart, has its pathological remodeling closely linked to metabolic abnormalities.Metabolic reprogramming is involved throughout the occurrence and development of renal fibrosis; the new patterns of material and energy supply it establishes serve as the material basis and energy driver for the occurrence and progression of renal fibrosis.The complex interactions among metabolic pathways induced by metabolic reprogramming play a crucial role in kidney injury and repair, and the unstable state of energy and material metabolism is also the essence of Qi deficiency and blood stasis pathogenesis.The method of tonifying Qi and promoting blood circulation can enhance vital energy, facilitate Qi transformation, ensure smooth circulation of Qi and blood, correct disorders in energy and material metabolism, restore normal physiological functions, and slow the progression of chronic kidney disease.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 128K]

  • Application of Spleen Strengthening and Blood Activating Method in Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Based on "Xu Lao Jian Zhong" Theory

    WANG Caihong;GAO Bifeng;Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine;The Affiliated Hospital to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine;

    Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is often characterized by deficiency at the root and excess as the manifestation, with Spleen and Kidney deficiency as the root, and pathological factors such as Phlegm, Dampness and blood stasis as the manifestation, with blood stasis being continuous throughout.The basic pathogenesis is “Spleen and Kidney deficiency leading to obstruction in the Kidney collaterals.Based on the "Xu Lao Jian Zhong" theory, the method of strengthening the Spleen and promoting blood circulation includes tonifying the Spleen and Kidney method, activating blood circulation and unblocking collateral method, and multiple methods combination approaches.Tonifying the Spleen and Kidney is key method, with commonly used prescriptions including Sijunzi Decoction, Liuwei Dihuang Pill, and Shengqi Dihuang Decoction, all of which can be modified and adjusted according to symptoms.Activating blood circulation and unblocking collaterals applied throughout the whole process of the treatment, with syndrome differentiation are as follows: tonifying Qi, warming Yang, and activating blood circulation method, primarily using modified Shenqi Pill, warming Yang and promoting urination to activate blood circulation method, primarily using modified Zhenwu Decoction combined with Wuling Powder; relieving Dampness and eliminating Turbidity to activate blood circulation method, primarily using the modified Chengshi Bixie Fenqing Decoction; nourishing the Kidney and soothing the Liver to activate blood circulation method, primarily using modified Liuwei Dihuang Pill combined with Chaihu Shugan Powder.In cases of mixed deficiency and excess combined approaches can be applied: in the early stage of CKD,deficiency is predominant, the treatment is carried out mainly by tonification to support the upright and expel evil factors; in the middle stage, mixed deficiency and excess commonly exist, the treatment is carried out with both tonifying and eliminating of evil factors; in the late stage, deficiency and excess coexist seriously, with emphasis on using blood-activating and channel-unblocking medications to remove stasis without harming the body′s vital energy.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 121K]

  • Treatment of Elderly Chronic Kidney Disease Based on "Dried Blood in Kidney Collateral" Theory

    YAN Ziming;ZHAO Yun;LIANG Yingnan;ZHOU Jingwei;Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is primarily located in the kidney collaterals, with its pathogenesis attributed to dryness and stasis in the collateral caused by injury, namely, Qi exhaustion and Zang decline, which ultimately results in dried blood in kidney collaterals.Clinically, treatment should first establish the principle of addressing both root and branch of the disease while balancing reinforcement and elimination, with the focus being the elimination of dried blood throughout the course.For cases that dried blood has not yet formed, blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs should be used to clear the collaterals and remove causative factors; for cases that dried blood has formed, substances derived from insects and ants that function in searching evil factors in the collaterals can be selected to directly reach the affected area, by using their ability to erode blood stasis without relying on Qi movement.The fundamental approach is to moisten the collaterals and nourish the dried blood, using pungent herbs to move Qi combined with moistening herbs to promote Qi flow, benefit Fluids, moisten the collaterals, and disperse stasis, thus preventing recurrence of collateral dryness and stasis-related injury.After removing blood stasis, the goal is to eliminate stasis and generate new tissue, by using nourishing substances to replenish the Kidney Essence in Lower Jiao and nourish the Kidney collaterals, promoting the formation of new blood and recovery of Kidney function.Through the three-stage strategy of "elimination, collateral nourishment, and supplementation",both root and branch of the disease are treated simultaneously, by balancing reinforcement and elimination.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 120K]

  • Pathogeneses and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease from Perspective of Immune Disorder Based on "latent Evil Factor in Kidney Collateral"

    SUN Qiao;WANG Xinran;GAO Shengning;WU Zhenhua;TAN Jinchuan;Hebei University of Chinese Medicine;The First Affiliated Hospital to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine;

    In the early stages, chronic kidney disease(CKD) is mostly asymptomatic, based on an underlying deficiency of Zheng Qi(vital energy).The disease is further influenced by external pathogenic factors, metabolic and toxic substances, while Wind, Dampness, and Heat pathogens invade the Kidney channels, causing turbid Qi to accumulate.Over time, this leads to Phlegm and Dampness, blood stasis, and the intermingling of Heat and Toxin, thus resulting in the illness.In the early stages, the pathogenic factors are mild and superficial, and timely dispersion can often relieve the condition.However, latent Evil Factors remain hidden and dormant.If triggered by external factors or with disease progression, they can lead to relapse or advancement.This disease progression corresponds to the characteristics of latent Evil Factors and is also like the long-term presence of tissue-resident memory T cells in the kidneys, self-expansion, and low-grade inflammatory states in terms of immune dysfunction in Western medicine.Clinical treatment of CKD should be stage-specific: in the early stages(stages 1-2),vital energy is deficient, and hidden pathogens are latent, so treatment should strengthen the body and dispel hidden pathogens; in the middle stages(Stages 3-4),Phlegm and blood stasis enter the channels and consolidate, so treatment should tonify Zheng Qi and address deficiency while unblocking the channels and removing pathogenic factors; in the late stage(Stage 5),latent pathogens have long persisted and the Kidney channels are severely damaged, so treatment should be warm Yang and support the root, detoxify, and relieve obstruction.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 151K]

  • Causal Relationship Between Breast Cancer and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Based on "Disease Induced Depression":A Mendelian Randomization Study

    XING Sixuan;ZHAO Yipang;ZHANG jingzhi;ZHANG Qing;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University;

    Objective: Based on the theory of "disease induced depression",this study aims to explore the causal relationship between breast cancer and generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) using clinical case-control research combined with Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis.Methods: We collected 55 breast cancer patients and 51 healthy controls from Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University.Logistic regression models were used to analyze and assess the association between breast cancer and GAD.Further, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted, selecting 264 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) significantly associated with breast cancer as instrumental variables.The inverse-variance weighted(IVW),weighted median(WM),and MR-Egger regression methods were applied in the two-sample MR model to estimate the relationship between breast cancer and GAD,and heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed based on the IVW and MR-Egger regression models.Results: The Logistic regression model showed that breast cancer was associated with a log odds ratio(OR) of 4.771 for GAD(95%CI:1.913,11.901),with a significance level of P=0.001.The IVW model analysis showed that breast cancer was associated with a log odds ratio(OR) of 1.004 for GAD(95%CI:1.001,1.007),with a significance level of P=0.017.Both analyses suggest a causal relationship between the risk of breast cancer and the occurrence of GAD.Conclusion: Higher incidence of breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of GAD.However, the underlying biological mechanisms still require further research.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 478K]

  • Pathogenesis of Primary Hypertension from Perspective of Disease Progression Sequence of "Qi-Blood-Meridian"

    YAN Qinfeng;YANG Rui;Wen Jian;DONG Xinlei;ZHANG Lili;The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion;Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    Primary hypertension is a disease influenced by multiple factors, involving multiple links and stages, with significant individual differences.The causes and pathogenesis vary among different individuals, and there are interactions between various pathogenic mechanisms.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the formation of hypertension is closely related to "Qi", "blood",and "meridians". "Qi disease" represents the initial stage in the development of hypertension and is the fundamental cause throughout its course. "blood disease" is the second stage of hypertension progression.Here, "blood disease" refers to abnormal blood circulation, which occurs when the initial dysfunction in the movement of Qi affects the normal flow of blood, serving as an important material basis for the formation of hypertension. "Meridian disease" is the third stage in the progression of hypertension.Here, "meridian disease" refers to abnormalities in the function and structure of blood vessels and meridians, which arise when the abnormal movement of Qi and blood affects the normal function and form of the meridians, representing the stage of organic changes in hypertension.At this point, abnormalities exist in Qi, blood, and meridians, leading to the formation of hypertension, which gradually affects internal organs such as Heart and Kidney.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 130K]

  • Mechanism of NSCs-Exos Regulating NEI Network to Prevent PMOP Based on "Kidney-Brain Mutual Coordination" Theory

    TANG Bowen;LI Jia;SUN Li;WANG Jing;ZHENG Hongxin;ZHU Ke;WANG Qingyan;Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Disease Mechanisms and Symptoms of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The Fourth Affiliated Hospital to Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    The "Kidney-Brain Coordination" theory originates from the refinement of the concept in the Huang Di Nei Jing,in which it is proposed that "Kidneys store Essence, which generates marrow, which extends to the brain and nourishes the bones".Kidney Essence is a key subtle substance in "Kidney-brain coordination" theory and serves as the material basis for the organs related to the Kidney, brain, marrow and bones.Deficiency in Kidney Essence leads to insufficient marrow production, loss of skeletal nourishment as well as brain and marrow depletion, which is the fundamental pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP).The NEI network system refers to the afferent and efferent pathways among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, where the three systems regulate, influence, and coordinate with each other, forming an organic network that is the biological foundation for maintaining bodily homeostasis.Neural stem cells(NSCs) can secrete cytokines that promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) and their differentiation toward osteogenesis, thereby facilitating the repair of bone injury sites.NSC-derived exosomes(NSCs-Exos) can participate in regulating the functions of organs related to the Kidney, bones, marrow and brain through the NEI network, influencing bone metabolism.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 386K]

  • Essence of Li Gao′s Gan Wen Chu Re Method from Perspective of Gu Qi and Xiang Huo Restoration

    WANG Jinglin;ZHANG Mingrui;MA Yue;LI Hongtao;Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University;

    "Gan Wen Chu Re" is Li Gao′s main treatment approach for "Yin Fire" and is the key to his theory of Yin Fire and his doctrine on internal injury to the Spleen and Stomach.Based on the dynamic positional relationship between Gu Qi(grain energy) and Xiang Huo(ministerial Fire),the essential points of Gan Wen Chu Re are as follows: First, according to the principle of Qi ascending and descending in the four seasons in a year, human body′s Yang Qi is promoted to improve the function of the Spleen and Stomach; second, by using sweet-warm drugs Gu Qi is to supported guided back to the Yang pathway, so that Xiang Huo(ministerial Fire) aligns and counterbalances with Gu Qi, thereby naturally eliminating Yin Fire. "Yin Fire" is not "stagnant Fire" and "Gu Qi" is not "Dampness".Based on the misalignment of Gu Qi and Xiang Huo, the method of raising Gu Qi with therapy consisting of sweet-warm drugs promoting Yang Qi with Wind activating herbs is proposed.It reveals the original intent of Li Gao′s "Gan Wen Chu Re" method and provids insights for contemporary clinical treatment of diseases caused by Yin Fire.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 132K]

  • Interpretation of Wendan Decoction Based on Concept of Circular Motion of Qi

    YANG Mingshu;WANG Xiaochang;LIU Lujia;FENG Rui;WANG Youpeng;Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The Second Affiliated Hospital to Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Yongkang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang;

    The term of "Wendan" in Wendan Decoction refers to unblocking the Gallbladder meridian and regulating the four dimensions of the central axis of body to restore the physiology function of the Xiang Fire, allowing the Xiang Fire to descend so enabling Fire to exist within Water, so that circular movement is restored, and the Yang energy can normally pivot to warm and nourish the internal Zang and Fu.Wendan Decoction can relieve Dampness and resolve Phlegm, opening the path for the descending of the Xiang Fire and can regulate the operation of the four dimensions of the central axis, allowing the Gallbladder meridian to flow, the central axis to operate, the stomach Qi to descend, and the Xiang Fire to subside.When these two work together, the body′s circular motion of Qi can return to normal.With the descent of the Xiang Fire and the presence of Fire within Water, the Fire and Water is harmonized, and the Liver Wood rises with warmth.Therefore, it is said that the Gallbladder Qi ascending in spring actually confuses the ascending and descending properties of Jia Wood and Yi Wood, here specifically referring to Liver wood; with the warming of Water Qi, the Yuan Qi generates, and the Middle Qi arises.Hence, Wendan Decoction has the function of transmitting Yang Qi as well as warming and nourishing the internal Zang and Fu.By understanding the concept of circular motion of Qi embodied in Wendan Decoction, one need not be bound by debates over the original composition of Wendan(such as ginger vs.jujube) or its cold versus warm properties but can harmonize and integrate these disputes flexibly in clinical practice according to patient′s condition.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 151K]

  • Prevention and Treatment of Cardiocerebral Syndrome with Kidney-strengthening and Blood-activating Therapy Based on Heart-Brain-Kidney Axis

    LIU Yang;PENG Yiwen;SUN Dawei;Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The Affiliated Hospital to Tianjin Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    Essence, blood and marrow are homologous, which are dominated by the Kidney, Heart and brain respectively, and provide a material basis for human life activities in different aspects.The Heart, brain and Kidney are spiritually unified, the meridians are connected, and they oversee the spirit, blood vessels, and Essence, with the Du meridian as the connection pathway, and the circulation form the Heart, brain and Kidney axis.Brain-Heart syndrome is deficiency in root and excess in manifestation, based on Qi deficiency and Essence deficiency, blood stasis and Phlegm Heat as the manifestation, and Kidney deficiency and blood stasis as its important pathogenesis.If the Kidney Yin deficiency cannot help the Heart Yin, the Heart Yang has no control its hyperactivity, and it is easy to lead to symptoms such as palpitations and panic disease; If the Kidney Yang is deficient without enough warmth, the Heart Yang is not regulated, then the heart blood vessel dysfunction will cause Heart vein stasis, and it is prone to chest paralysis, true heart pain and other diseases.The two complement each other, so that when the Kidney Essence is sufficient, the blood circulation is smooth, and then the Shen is clear and the Qi and blood flow is rhythmized, and eventually the stasis is removed and reborn.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 148K]

  • Thinking and Method of Warming and Tonifying Spleen and Kidney in Treatment of Esophageal Cancer Based on Theory of "Kidney Being Gate to Stomach"

    PEI Junwen;JI Jiaqi;WEI Dandan;LI Shengsheng;HU Xiaoqing;WANG Zixuan;JIANG Shiqing;The Affiliated Tumor Hospital to Zhengzhou University;Henan University of Chinese Medicine;The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    "Kidney being gate to Stomach" is an important theoretical source of the stomach-kidney correlation.In the entire pathogenesis of esophageal cancer, insufficient Kidney Yang transforming Qi is the pathological basis of its development, abnormal ascent and descent of Stomach Qi is the key factor, and blood stasis and stubborn Phlegm are the tangible manifestations of esophageal cancer formation.Phlegm is the dead Fluids without the propulsion of Yang Qi, and blood stasis is caused by the accumulation of dead Fluids and Phlegm obstructing blood flow in the vessels.The Kidney is the foundation of innate constitution, while the Spleen and Stomach are the foundation of acquired constitution; the two nourish each other.When warming the Kidney to transform Qi and assist the proper movement the Spleen and Stomach Qi, one should also strengthen the Spleen and transform Dampness to aid the Kidney in opening and closing functions.Therefore, the treatment of esophageal cancer should coordinate the Spleen and Kidney while activating blood circulation and resolving stasis.By warming Kidney yang to assist the Bladder in transforming Fluids, supporting Stomach Yang to improve the function of absorbing nutrients, regulating the Spleen and Stomach to harmonize Qi movement, and removing blood stasis to promote regeneration, the Essence of the Spleen is dispersed, Fluids are distributed throughout the body, and overall Qi circulation is unobstructed, thereby alleviating the symptoms of esophageal cancer.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 128K]

  • Pathogenesis Evolution and Treatment of Stroke Based on Theories of "Zhu and Ke Interaction" and "Toxin Damaging Brain Collaterals"

    ZHANG Mi;ZHAO Shuai;MA Mengyuan;HE Xiao;LIU Jinmin;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    The core pathogenesis of stroke is characterized by deficiency of Zheng Qi(principal factor) combined with Wind, Fire, Phlegm, and blood stasis transforming into Toxins(secondary factor) that deeply obstruct the cerebral collaterals, forming a pathological pattern of "Zhu and Ke interaction",where Toxins impair the spirit mechanism.The pathological evolution proceeds through four stages, namely, "cause, transformation, consequence, and trend".It begins primarily with internal damage and deficiency in root, advances to the accumulation of pathogenic factors and sudden surge of secondary pathogens, and ultimately results in toxin-damaged cerebral collaterals, merging of principal and secondary factors, and prolonged difficulty in recovery.Clinical treatment should be dynamically staged as follows: during the acute phase, focus on opening the closed Qi to improve the collapsed condition, detoxifying to expel Evil Factors; during the recovery phase, combining methods of dredging and tonifying, differentiating and resolving the adhesion; in the sequela stage, nourish the Kidney and replenish Essence, while invigorating and unblocking the collaterals.This reflects the dynamic and holistic nature of syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 143K]

  • Treatment of Chronic Urticaria from Perspective of "Xie Fu Mo Yuan"

    ZHANG Ningxin;ZHAO Yuechun;JIN Qiubai;SONG Ping;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;

    Patients with chronic urticaria often have insufficient vital energy and weak constitution, making them susceptible to invasion by external evil factors such as Wind combined with Cold, Heat, or Dampness through the skin orifices or mouth and nose.When the body′s vital energy cannot expel the evil factors in time, the pathogenic factors remain dormant in the membrane cavities without causing symptoms.At this time, both the deficiency of vital energy and the weakness of the evil factors reach a delicate balance, so the Wind remains latent without manifesting disease.However, at the same time, the body′s defensive function is relatively weakened, making it more susceptible.The onset of chronic urticaria can be due to either "triggered activation" or spontaneous activation of latent Wind evil factor.Clinically, during the acute phase of chronic urticaria, treatment should focus on dispelling Wind and opening the skin orifices for emergency relief, while during the remission phase, it should focus on searching out the Wind and dispelling Wind thoroughly to address the root cause.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 129K]

  • Classification Analysis of Annotations in Japanese Kangping Version of Shanghan Lun

    SUN Jingwei;LI Xinyue;ZHENG Fengjie;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    The Kangping version of Shanghan Lun is an ancient manuscript copy of the text circulated in Japan.It is notable for its two distinctive annotation formats: side notes and interlinear notes, with the annotations and main text arranged in a clear hierarchical structure.It is regarded by scholars as one of the most significant extant versions closest to the original textual form of Shanghan Lun.This study systematically analyzes all annotations in the Kangping version.Employing textual semantic analysis and a taxonomic framework, it classifies the annotations into eight categories: explaining the pathogenesis, analyzing the etiology, supplementing the symptom, suggesting the disease name, specifying formulas and medicinals, assessing disease progression and outcome, guiding post-medication recuperation, and providing textual research and explanation.By examining the intertextual relationships between annotations of the same category and the main text, the research highlights the value of the annotation system in elucidating key principles within Zhang Zhongjing′s academic framework, including correspondence between formulas and syndromes(Fang Zheng Dui Ying),matching between herbs and syndromes(Yao Zheng Xiang Fu),dynamic pattern differentiation(Dong Tai Bian Zheng),and integration of pulse diagnosis and symptom analysis(Mai Zheng He Can).The study further demonstrates the unique academic value of the Kangping version in reconstructing the authentic texts of the classic, innovating interpretive paradigms for core principles in the classic, and uncovering the subtle depths of Zhang Zhongjing′s medical philosophy.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 170K]

  • Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Targeting SIRT Signaling Pathways for Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease

    LI Xizi;ZHANG Yan;CHAI Zihui;SHAN Chuchu;YU Jiangyi;The Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine;

    Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Sirtuins, as a type of histone deacetylase, play a key role in DKD through anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidative stress, and maintaining the integrity of the glomerular barrier.Studies have shown that various monomers and extracts of traditional Chinese medicine, such as notoginsenoside, baicalin, and resveratrol, as well as traditional Chinese medicine formulations like Yishen Capsule, Tangshen Formula, and Yishen Tongluo Formula, can regulate the expression of Sirtuins by modulating signaling pathways such as SIRT1/NF-κB,SIRT1/p53,AMPK/Sirtuins/PGC-1α,TGF-β1/Smad3,and PI3K/AKT/FoxO.This targeted regulation alleviates oxidative stress, inhibits inflammatory responses, and regulates autophagy, ultimately achieving the effects of reducing proteinuria, improving renal function, and delaying the progression of DKD.However, current research has several limitations: the mechanisms of interaction between SIRT and other pathways remain unclear; there are relatively few studies on formulations, most of which are self-devised, lacking large-sample clinical data support; there is a lack of research on the intervention of pathways such as STAT by traditional Chinese medicine; and the mechanisms of some traditional Chinese medicine components may involve Sirtuins-independent pathways.Future studies need to further conduct systematic and in-depth mechanistic research and high-quality clinical verification to promote the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine targeting Sirtuins for the prevention and treatment of DKD.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 227K]

  • Research Progress of Acupuncture Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome to Reduce Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

    YU Yanyan;LIU Juan;YANG Yue;WANG Qianhui;LI Shan;Jiang Jie;College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University;The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University;

    Cerebral ischemia reperfusion(CIRI) is a phenomenon in which the damage of ischemic brain tissue is aggravated after blood flow perfusion is restored.Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) is an important component of the innate immune system, which can produce a large number of immuno-inflammatory factors when activated, aggravate secondary damage to brain tissue, and is an important factor in inducing inflammatory death.Acupuncture can regulate NLRP3 inflammasomes by regulating reactive oxygen species(ROS),microglial activity, nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),mitochondrial function, ion disorders, pyroptosis genes, etc.,and play a role in inhibiting inflammatory response, thereby alleviating CIRI.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 162K]

  • Research Progress on Regulation of Gut Microbiota by Huangqi(Astragalus) in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

    HUANG Jiaqin;FU Guifen;Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine;The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;

    Gut microbiota is closely related to the onset and progression of diabetes and is one of the important targets for its prevention and treatment.Huangqi(Astragalus),a medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicine, has shown good efficacy in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes(T2DM),effectively reducing insulin resistance and lowering blood glucose levels.Its active components, such as flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides, can treat T2DM through multiple mechanisms, including enhancing immunity, anti-inflammatory effects, regulating glucose metabolism, lowering blood sugar, modulating microbiota, and improving insulin resistance.Current research still faces several challenges, such as individual differences in microbiota and immune status that may affect the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine, insufficient comparative studies on the efficacy of different drug formulations, unclear specific molecular mechanisms, and limited animal experimental research.Future studies need to further explore how Astragalus regulates gut microbiota and the immune system in the treatment of metabolic diseases, strengthen efficacy evaluations and mechanism studies of different drug formulations, integrate modern technology to promote the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and establish targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, providing new ideas and references for the precise prevention and treatment of T2DM.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 173K]

  • Research Progress on Clinical Application and Action Mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction

    ZHU Yaoyu;QIAN Baicheng;LI Yadi;BAI Lyufeng;GUAN Yunxiang;WANG Baoliang;Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    Zhang Zhongjing′s Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction, consisting of five kinds of medicinals, namely, Huangqi(Astragalus),Guizhi(Cinnamon twig),Shaoyao(Paeonia lactiflora),Shengjiang(fresh Ginger),and Dazao(Fructus Zizyphi),is a classic prescription for replenishing Qi and warming meridians, harmonizing blood and relieving paralysis.It mainly treats Qi and blood paralysis and obstruction syndrome.Modern clinical practice widely applies it to neurological, orthopedic, cardiovascular, rheumatologic, endocrine, urinary system diseases, as well as gynecological conditions, showing significant advantages in improving clinical symptoms, reducing toxic side effects, and lowering recurrence rates.Pharmacological studies indicate that Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, blood rheology-improving, and anti-tumor effects, with mechanisms involving the regulation of Sirt1/NF-κB/NLRP3,MAPK,Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways, and modulation of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and immune function.Existing studies have the following limitations: research largely focuses on neurological, cerebrovascular, orthopedic, and gynecological diseases, while studies on its efficacy and mechanisms in cardiovascular and urinary system diseases are relatively lacking and need to be strengthened; the clinical application of both the original formula and its modified versions is increasing, requiring more in-depth systematic studies.Furthermore, future research could explore its mechanisms based on the theory of "harmonizing blood to relieve paralysis and obstruction",providing new evidence for its modern clinical application and drug development in treatment of diseases associated with Qi and blood stasis induced paralysis and obstruction.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 173K]

  • Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Related Signaling Pathways in Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis

    GUAN He;ZHAO Zishu;HU Xiaoyang;School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine;

    The occurrence of osteoporosis is closely related to the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),this condition is considered to be a syndrome of Spleen and Kidney Yang deficiency, Liver and Kidney Yin deficiency as well as Kidney deficiency with blood stasis.Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multiple components and multiple targets, and can regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by modulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT,JAK/STAT,Wnt/β-catenin, OPG/RANKL/RANK,Hippo-YAP,TGF-β1/Smads, and AMPK/SIRT1,thereby maintaining bone homeostasis and exerting anti-osteoporotic effects.However, current research still has the following limitations: studies on individual TCM components fail to fully reflect the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM,while TCM formulas contain numerous components, making it difficult to accurately summarize the mechanisms of action of each component and the synergy among different pathways; most studies are still at the animal experiment stage, and further clinical research is needed to clarify their efficacy and safety.Future research should strengthen the development and exploration of classic TCM formulas, systematically elucidate the mechanisms by which TCM chemical components prevent osteoporosis and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TCM in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 217K]

  • Research on Action Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating TP53 in Anti-Tumor Effects

    LI Jinkun;WANG Lujiao;SI Wentao;The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yantai City;

    The TP53 gene(Tumor Protein p53) is one of the most common tumor suppressor genes and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of a majority of tumors.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) can exert multi-target and multi-pathway anti-tumor effects by regulating TP53 and related signaling pathways, playing a role in tumor prevention and treatment.Its mechanisms mainly include regulating cell apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis, modulating metabolism, inducing autophagy, promoting ferroptosis and pyroptosis, and regulating immune responses.Chinese medicinal compounds and active components such as quercetin, baicalin, and curcumin can synergistically modulate tumor progression by affecting key molecules like Bcl-2,Bax, p21,VEGF,and mTOR.However, existing studies often focus on single targets or limited pathways, failing to fully reflect the holistic characteristics of "monarch-minister-assistant-courier" system in TCM compatibility and syndrome differentiation-based treatment, and also lack in-depth elucidation of multi-target synergistic mechanisms.In the future, technologies such as artificial intelligence and multi-omics should be integrated to systematically analyze the active components of TCM and their action networks, further clarifying the multi-target synergistic mechanisms of TCM in tumor treatment to promote its clinical application and translation.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 213K]

  • Li Junxiang′s Clinical Experience in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on "Tai Chi Ascending and Descending Theory"

    LIN Yangzhe;LI Junxiang;WANG Muyuan;MAO Tangyou;Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    Ulcerative colitis(UC) presents different symptoms and varying severity at different stages, but it is generally associated with a disruption of the body′s Qi movement.Specifically, this manifests as weakness of the Yang Qi in the Spleen and Kidney fail to ascend as usual, and accumulation of Turbidity and Dampness-Heat fail to descend normally.Professor Li Junxiang established "Tai Chi ascending and descending theory" to treat this disease, suggesting that UC is characterized by "splenic and renal Yang deficiency preventing clear Qi from ascending" and "internal generation of Dampness-Heat preventing turbid Qi from descending".Therefore, his treatment approach emphasizes both warming and clearing method.Warming method aims to "strengthen the Spleen and tonify the Kidney",or warming Yang to lift clear Qi",while clearing method aims to "clear the intestines, transform Dampness, and help the bowels eliminate turbidness",leading to the creation of the Qingchang Wenzhong Formula and the New Wumei Pill.The former is mainly used for Cold-Heat complex syndromes where Heat predominates over Cold, while the latter is used for Cold-Heat complex syndromes where Cold predominates over the Heat.Both formulas help harmonize intestinal Cold and Heat and restore the movement of Qi, thereby achieving the goal of treating UC.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 141K]

  • Huang Shen′s Treatment of Pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy Based on "Latent Evil Factor" Theory

    LI Jinyang;HUANG Shen;Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;School of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    Professor Huang Shen, guided by "latent Evil Factor" theory, believes that pediatric adenoid hypertrophy is fundamentally due to "deficiency",with "Phlegm, Heat and stasis" as excess Evil Factors.Deficiency of Zheng Qi leads to latent Evil Factors of Phlegm, Heat and stasis to invade the body, and the Evil Factor Qi accumulates in the throat and manifest themselves when conditions arise.Clinically, the main treatment principle is "tonifying deficiency and dispelling Evil Factors".In the acute phase of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy, treatment mainly focuses on dispelling Evil Factors to improve clinical symptoms; during recurrent episodes and the chronic recovery phase, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the body and supporting the body′s vital energy, while also addressing Spleen health, benefiting the Lung, tonifying the Kidney, and simultaneously resolving Phlegm, clearing Heat, and removing stasis.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 163K]

  • Liu Xiaohong′s Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules Based on Kai He Shu Theory

    ZHANG Junhong;LI Zirong;The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    The formation of pulmonary nodules is closely related to abnormalities in the Kai He Shu(opening, closing and pivot mechanism) of the Three Yin and Three Yang, leading to dysfunction of the Lung′s Qi movement.This is manifested as "impaired opening" of Taiyang and Taiyin caused Water-Dampness stagnation, "disordered closing" of Yangming and Jueyin caused Turbidity Toxin and blood stasis as well as "hindered pivot" of Shaoyang and Shaoyin induced imbalance of Water and Fire.Treatment should target Taiyang and Taiyin to regulate and promote the distribution and transformation of Qi, dispel Dampness and Phlegm, and restore the "opening" function; treatment should also be carried out to target Yangming and Jueyin to facilitate descending and clearing function, reduce Turbidity and promote blood circulation, restoring the "closing" function; In addition treatment should target Shaoyang and Shaoyin to harmonize and coordinat Water-Fire relationship and eliminate blood stasis, benefiting the "pivot" function.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 160K]

  • Jiang Jianguo Treating Hypertension with Complex Thinking in Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation

    LI Linguang;SONG Suhua;Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    Complex treatment thinking includes methods such as transformational, dynamic, holistic dialectical and relative and internal analysis thinking model in disease treatment based on syndrome differentiation.Professor Jiang Jianguo approaches the prevention and treatment of hypertension from the perspective of the above-mentioned complex treatment thinking.Regarding the etiology and pathogenesis, he believes that the primary site of hypertension is in the Liver, mainly affecting the blood sector, with blood stasis as the main pathological factor throughout the course of the disease.Qi stagnation and blood stasis are key mechanisms and Phlegm-Fluid retention often coexists with blood stasis, both of which mutually influence each other, commonly presenting as a complex pathogenesis characterized by "Qi stagnation with blood stasis, Phlegm-blood stasis congealing as well as blood stasis induced Water retention".However, diseases in any of the Five Zang and Six Fu can lead to abnormal blood pressure, so although the Liver is the primary focus, treatment should not be limited to the Liver alone, but with particular attention to the relationships of Liver with the Spleen(Stomach),Lung and Kidney.In syndrome differentiation, classifications are based on the relationships between Qi, blood, and Fluids, as well as the deficiency or excess of the Liver, Spleen(Stomach) and Kidney, resulting in different syndrome types such as "Qi deficiency and blood stasis","Qi stagnation and blood stasis","Phlegm-blood mutual congealing","hyperactivity of Liver Yang, "Middle Qi deficiency",and "Kidney Essence decline".In terms of treatment principles and formulas, emphasis is placed on overall regulation, focusing on the dynamic balance relationship between Lung and Liver, Spleen and Stomach, Yin and Yang as well as Qi and blood, with methods including calming and suppressing Liver Yang, tonifying and regulating the Middle Qi, reinforcing the root and consolidating foundation, regulating Qi(resolving Phlegm),and activating blood circulation(promoting Water metabolism).For elderly patients with physical deficiency, decoctions are often modified into pill formulas for gradual adjustment and care, aiming for a slow, steady approach to chronic disease management to achieve long-term stability and lasting effects.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 149K]

  • Effect of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction on Bone Metabolism in CIA Rats Based on OPG-RANKL-RANK Pathway

    LIU Yawei;MA Junfu;MENG Qingliang;GU Huimin;ZHAN Junping;DING Minghui;YANG Shuangqing;School of Orthopedics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine;The Second Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine/Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The Fifth Hospital of Xi′an;

    Objective: To explore the action mechanism of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction in regulating bone metabolism in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats based on the OPG-RANKL-RANK signaling pathway.Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, low-dose Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction group(8.6 g·kg~(-1)),medium-dose Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction group(17.2 g·kg~(-1)),high-dose Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction group(34.4 g·kg~(-1)),and triptolide group(0.01 g·kg~(-1)),with 10 rats in each group.Type II bovine collagen emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant was injected intradermally into the left hind paw and tail root twice to establish the CIA model.After modeling, rats in the four medication groups were gavaged with the corresponding drugs, while rats in the normal and model groups were gavaged with an equal volume of distilled water for 4 consecutive weeks.The paw edema volume of both hind paws was measured, TRAP staining was used to assess ankle joint damage, ELISA was used to detect serum levels of type I collagen C-terminal peptide(CTX-Ⅰ),osteocalcin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect RANKL and OPG expression in the ankle joints of the rats.Results: Compared with the normal group, the model group rats showed increased bilateral paw drainage volume(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the rats in the four drug groups showed reduced right paw drainage volume(P<0.05).TRAP staining showed that compared with the normal group, the model group rats had higher positive reactions, inflammation, and bone destruction scores in the ankle joint(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the rats in the Tripterygium glycosides group, high-dose and medium-dose Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction groups had lower positive reactions, inflammation, and bone destruction scores in the ankle joint(P<0.05).ELISA showed that compared with the normal group, the serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the model group rats were elevated(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels of rats in the four drug groups were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group, the model group rats showed increased serum CTX-Ⅰ and M-CSF levels and decreased osteocalcin levels(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the high-dose Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction group rats showed decreased serum CTX-Ⅰ and M-CSF levels and increased osteocalcin levels(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the normal group, the model group rats had increased RANKL and OPG expression and RANKL/OPG ratio in the ankle joint(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the rats in the four drug groups had reduced RANKL and OPG expression and RANKL/OPG ratio in the ankle joint(P<0.05).Conclusion: Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction may alleviate bone destruction by regulating the OPG-RANKL-RANK signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and improving bone metabolism.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 755K]

  • Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Modulating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury

    WU Weipeng;SUN Wenying;WANG Lina;Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, 73rd Group Army Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army;Emergency Department, Qingdao Municipal Hospital;Anesthesia and Surgery Department, Qingdao Municipal Hospital;

    Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in treating rats with spinal cord injury based on the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) signaling pathway.Methods: Among 40 SD rats, 10 were randomly selected as the control group, and the remaining rats were used to establish the spinal cord injury model and were divided into the model group, methylprednisolone group(10 mg·kg~(-1)),and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group(4.0 g·kg~(-1)).Rats in the control and model groups were administered saline by gavage, while rats in the methylprednisolone and Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups were administered the respective drugs by gavage for 28 consecutive days.After gavage, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB) score was performed.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of rat spinal cord tissue, RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FTH1 and FTL genes, ELISA was used to determine levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of JAK2,STAT3,and prion protein(PRP).Results: Compared with the control group, the BBB scores of rats in the model group decreased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the BBB scores of rats in the methylprednisolone group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group increased(P<0.05).HE staining showed that the neurons in the spinal cord tissue of the control group rats were morphologically intact; neurons in the spinal cord tissue of the model group rats were morphologically incomplete, with a large number of red blood cell aggregation and inflammatory cell infiltration; red blood cell and inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord tissue of the methylprednisolone group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group rats was less.Compared with the control group, the iron content of spinal cord tissue in the model group rats increased, and the expression levels of FTH1 mRNA and FTL mRNA decreased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the iron content in the spinal cord tissue of the methylprednisolone group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group rats decreased, and the expression levels of FTH1 mRNA and FTL mRNA increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the SOD level in the spinal cord tissue of the model group rats decreased, while levels of ROS,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the SOD level in the spinal cord tissue of the methylprednisolone group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group rats increased, while levels of ROS,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the expression levels of JAK2,STAT3,and PRP proteins in the spinal cord tissue of the model group rats increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the expression levels of JAK2,STAT3,and PRP proteins in the spinal cord tissue of the methylprednisolone group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group rats decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion: Buyang Huanwu Decoction may exert anti-spinal cord injury effects by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and oxidative stress, regulating iron metabolism, and alleviating neuroinflammation.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 426K]

  • Mechanism of Houpu Sanwu Decoction in Regulating Bile Composition in Rabbits After Cholecystectomy Based on Bile Acid Receptor FXR/TGR5 Signaling Pathway

    LIU Chang;WANG Zhaoyang;ZHANG Nan;ZHANG Chenxi;The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Department of General Surgery II,The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    Objective: To explore the mechanism of Houpu Sanwu Decoction in regulating bile composition in rabbits after cholecystectomy based on the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) signaling pathway.Methods: Thirty-two large-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a Houpu Sanwu Decoction group, and a control group, with 8 rabbits in each group.Cholecystectomy models were established in the model group and the Houpu Sanwu Decoction group, and gastric gavage was performed daily starting from the day after surgery for 4 consecutive weeks.A fully automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect total bilirubin(TB),direct bilirubin(DB),indirect bilirubin(UCB),and total bile acids(TBA) in the bile.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver and ileal tissues.Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was employed to detect protein expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 19(FGF19),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),ileal bile acid binding protein(IBABP),small heterodimer partner gene(SHP),and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1) in liver and ileal tissues.RT-qPCR was used to detect gene expression levels of SHP,IBABP,CYP7A1,FGF19,and GLP-1 in liver and ileal tissues.Results: Compared with the blank group, rabbits in the model group showed decreased levels of TB and UCB and increased TBA levels(P<0.01).Compared with the model group, rabbits in the Houpo Sanwu Decoction group showed increased TB and UCB levels(P<0.05) and decreased TBA levels(P<0.01).HE staining showed that the liver tissues of rabbits in the blank group had no obvious pathological changes; in the control group, liver cells were full with inflammatory cell infiltration around the bile ducts, and central veins of liver lobules were dilated; in the model group, liver cord arrangement was disordered, with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bile ducts, mild central vein dilation, and liver sinus congestion.The liver tissue structure in the Houpo Sanwu Decoction group was relatively intact, and liver cords were arranged relatively neatly.Compared with the blank group, the control and model groups showed swelling, reduced number, and disordered arrangement of ileal villi in rabbits.Compared with the model group, the number of ileal villi in the Houpo Sanwu Decoction group increased and were neatly arranged.IHC and RT-qPCR showed that, compared with the blank group, the expression levels of SHP,IBABP,FGF19,and GLP-1 were increased, and CYP7A1 was decreased in the liver and ileum tissues of rabbits in the model group(P<0.01);compared with the model group, expression levels of SHP,IBABP,FGF19,and GLP-1 were decreased, and CYP7A1 levels increased in the liver and ileum tissues of the Houpo Sanwu Decoction group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Houpo Sanwu Decoction may treat post-cholecystectomy syndrome by regulating bile acid levels through inhibition of the FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2539K]

  • Qimei Granule Inhibiting Pancreatic Stellate Cell Activation to Improve Chronic Pancreatitis in Mice

    CHEN Hubo;WANG Pengyuan;WANG Lina;YU Jiahui;ZHANG Xu;GU Wei;School of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University;Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases;The First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University;Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University;905th Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army Navy;

    Objective: To explore the mechanism of Qimei granule regulating pancreatic stellate cell activation and improve chronic pancreatitis in mice.Methods: Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, low-dose Qimei granules group(1 g·kg~(-1)),medium-dose Qimei group(2 g·kg~(-1)),and high-dose Qimei group(4 g·kg~(-1)),with 8 mice per group.Except for the control group, the other mice were induced to develop chronic pancreatitis by repeated intraperitoneal injections of caerulein.From the second week after modeling, the mice were administered the granules orally once daily for 3 consecutive weeks.ELISA was used to detect serum lipase, amylase, glycated serum protein, and hydroxyproline content in pancreatic tissue.HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue.Western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and fibronectin in pancreatic tissue.qRT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression levels of type Ⅰ collagen(Col1a1),type Ⅲ collagen(Col3a1),fibronectin,and α-SMA in pancreatic tissue.Human pancreatic stellate cells(HPSC) were divided into blank group, control group, model group, 1% drug-serum group, 2% drug-serum group, 5% drug-serum group, and 10% drug-serum group.Except for blank and control groups, the other HPSCs were treated with 1 μg·L~(-1) transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),and Western blot was used to detect α-SMA protein expression levels.Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight of mice in the model group decreased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, the body weight of mice in the low-dose and medium-dose Qimei Granule groups increased(P<0.05).HE staining showed that the pancreatic lobule structure of mice in the control group was clear, with no obvious congestion or edema in the stroma.In the model group, pancreatic lobule septa were widened, with minor inflammatory cell infiltration and mild stromal edema and congestion.After treatment with Qimei Granules, the pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue in mice was improved.Compared with the control group, serum lipase levels in the model group were decreased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, serum glycated protein levels in the medium-dose Qimei Granule group were decreased(P<0.05),while serum lipase and amylase levels in the low-dose Qimei Granule group were increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, hydroxyproline content in pancreatic tissue of the model group was increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, hydroxyproline content in pancreatic tissue of the medium-dose Qimei Granule group was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, expression levels of α-SMA and Fibronectin proteins in pancreatic tissue of the model group were increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, expression levels of α-SMA and Fibronectin proteins in pancreatic tissue of all three Qimei Granule treatment groups were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, gene expression levels of Col1a1,Col3a1,Fibronectin,and α-SMA in pancreatic tissue of the model group were increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group, gene expression levels of Col1a1,Col3a1,Fibronectin,and α-SMA in pancreatic tissue of the medium-dose Qimei Granule group were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the expression levels of α-SMA protein in HPSC of the 5% and 10% drug-containing serum groups were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion: Qimei Granule may improve pancreatic fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of pancreatic stellate cells.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 596K]

  • Role of Baicalin in Regulating miR-15b-3p and PTPRJ Expression in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

    GUO Ying;PANG Qiuju;HE Fan;HAN Juling;WU Yongsheng;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 3201 Hospital;

    Objective: To explore the mechanism by which baicalin(BC) regulates microRNA-15b-3p(miR-15b-3p) and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J(PTPRJ) expression, thereby affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cells.Methods: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-15b-3p and PTPRJ mRNA in BEAS-2B cells and A549 cells.Expression of miR-15b-3p was regulated using the miR-15b-3p inhibitor(inhibitor),and PTPRJ overexpression was achieved using pcDNA3.1-PTPRJ(pc).A549 cells were divided into normal group, negative control(NC) group, BC group, inhibitor group, pc group, BC+inhibitor group, BC+pc group, inhibitor+pc group, and BC+inhibitor+pc group.EdU staining was used to assess DNA synthesis; colony formation assay was used to evaluate cell growth; AO/EB double staining was used to determine apoptosis rate; flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis; Rh123 staining was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential; FerroOrange staining was used to measure cellular iron content; tube formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenesis; qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of PTPRJ,Caspase-3,PCNA,CyclinD1,TFR1,and VEGF in cells.Results: Compared with BEAS-2B cells, miR-15b-3p expression levels were increased and PTPRJ mRNA expression levels were decreased in A549 cells(P<0.05).BC,inhibitor, and pc could all reduce miR-15b-3p mRNA levels in A549 cells, increase PTPRJ mRNA levels, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, induce iron metabolism disorders and G0/G1 phase arrest, reduce cell proliferation rate, and increase apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Conclusion: BC may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC cells by regulating the expression of miR-15b-3p and PTPRJ.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1840K]

  • Literature Research on Shijueming (Haliotidis Concha) and Formula with It

    LIU Lining;LONG Yuan;LI Yuli;The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine;Changsha Fangyi Huizhi Health Technology Co.,Ltd.;Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine;

    Through reviewing classic texts and literature, it was found that Shijueming(Haliotidis concha) is salty in taste, neutral in nature, cool or cold, non-toxic, with channel tropism is in Liver, Kidney, Lung, and bladder meridian.It has the effects of calming the Liver and subduing Yang, clearing the Liver and improving vision, benefiting Essence, and promoting wound healing.It is mainly used to treat diseases across ophthalmology, internal medicine, pediatrics, dermatology, and other disciplines, including conditions such as congenital blindness, night blindness, red eyes with Wind-Heat syndrome, deficiency-related bone Heat, urinary tract disorders, intestinal abscess, headache, dizziness, nutritional deficiency, ulcers and sores, and acute laryngemp.In treating eye diseases, oral pills and powders with Shijueming for internal eye obstruction are superior to decoctions, while for external eye obstruction, Shijueming is used when finely ground, suspended in water, and applied as eye drops or externally.Contraindication based on syndrome of Shijueming include patients with Liver deficiency and those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-Cold(use with caution).It should not be combined with Xuanfuhua(Inula flower) or Yunmu(Mica).Prescription contraindication include Xuanfuhua(Inula japonica thunb) and Yunmu(Mica).In formula combinations, Shijueming is often used with Heat-clearing herbs, Liver-calming and Wind-extinguishing herbs, tonic herbs, and hemostatic herbs.When applied with Heat-clearing, Liver-calming and Wind-extinguishing herbs, Shijueming usually serves as the chief herb; when applied with tonic herbs and hemostatic herbs, it often plays a supplementary role.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 135K]

  • Construction and Evaluation of Prediction Model for Glycosylated Hemoglobin Control Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Yin Deficiency Syndrome

    TANG Cheng;ZHAO Xudong;CHEN Yu;SU Guanxun;ZHI Yushang;LIU Xiaoyu;WANG Shidong;Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    Objective: Using machine learning(ML) methods and incorporating symptoms of Yin deficiency syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) as variables, this study aims to construct a prediction model for glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) control levels in T2DM with Yin deficiency syndrome, providing reference to enrich the connotation of Yin deficiency syndrome in T2DM and optimize HbA1c management.Methods: Data of T2DM patients with Yin deficiency syndrome treated from January 1,2020,to December 1,2022,at the Nephrology and Endocrinology Department II of Dongcheng Campus of Dongzhimen Hospital and the Nephrology and Endocrinology Department III of Tongzhou Campus of Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, and the First Affiliated Hospital to Xiamen University were collected, including basic information and symptoms of Yin deficiency syndrome.LASSO regression and stepwise regression were used jointly to screen features related to Yin deficiency syndrome.Based on the selected features, various machine learning models were constructed for training, validation, and testing.Shapley additive explanations(SHAP) were used to interpret the optimal model.Results: A total of 1,163 T2DM patients with Yin deficiency syndrome were included, of whom 747 had HbA1c ≥7% and 416 had HbA1c <7%.Through LASSO and stepwise regression, 13 characteristic variables of yin deficiency syndrome in T2DM were screened, ultimately including 7 symptom variables: craving for cold drinks, dry mouth and throat, night sweats, aversion to heat, irritability, dry stools, and dry eyes.Internal and external validations, comparing multiple models across various metrics(accuracy, precision, specificity, recall, F1 score, and AUC),showed that the Random Forest(RF) model performed the best, with an accuracy of 0.814,recall of 0.721,precision of 0.754,specificity of 0.868,F1 score of 0.738,and an AUC of 0.865.SHAP analysis indicated that dry mouth and throat, craving for cold drinks, night sweats, dry stools, irritability, aversion to heat, and dry eyes are significant features influencing HbA1c control, with dry mouth and throat, craving for cold drinks, and night sweats being the top three most important variables for HbA1c management.Conclusion: This study constructed a predictive model for HbA1c control in T2DM patients based on the characteristic symptoms of yin deficiency syndrome, demonstrating good predictive performance and clinical applicability, helping to enrich the modern understanding of yin deficiency in T2DM and providing references for personalized glycemic management and optimization of TCM treatment plans.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 520K]

  • Effect of Yiqi Bushen Yangxue Decoction on Angiogenesis and Th17 Cell-Related Effector Factors in Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

    ZHANG Juan;WANG Ping;ZHANG Yue;Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhengzhou;

    Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Bushen Yangxue Decoction combined with conventional western medical treatment in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA),and to investigate its effects on angiogenesis and T helper cell 17(Th17)-related effector factors.Methods: A total of 92 RSA patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group according to a random number table.The control group received conventional western medical treatment, while the observation group received Yiqi Bushen Yangxue Decoction in addition to the control group treatment.Clinical efficacy, safety, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),placental growth factor(PLGF),C-reactive protein(CRP),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),interleukin(IL)-8,angiopoietin(Ang)-2,and Th17 cell-related effector factors [IL-17,IL-23,and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β] were compared before treatment, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment.Results: The clinical effective rate in the observation group was 91.30%,significantly higher than 73.91% in the control group(P<0.05).After 1 month and 3 months of treatment, the observation group showed lower scores in primary symptoms of TCM syndromes [(8.64±1.50) points,(5.14±1.13) points],secondary symptoms [(3.91±0.86) points,(2.42±0.53) points],and total scores [(12.55±2.78) points,(7.56±2.44) points] compared to the control group at the same time points(P<0.05).After 1 month and 3 months of treatment, the levels of TNF-α [(51.32±6.74) mg·L~(-1),(38.41±5.06) mg·L~(-1)],IL-8 [(24.88±3.17) mg·L~(-1),(16.34±2.78) mg·L~(-1)],CRP [(23.74±4.22) mg·L~(-1),(13.12±3.50) mg·L~(-1)],IL-17 [(30.13±3.89) ng·L~(-1),(22.36±3.47) ng·L~(-1)],and IL-23 [(18.02±2.69) ng·L~(-1),(12.14±2.32) ng·L~(-1)] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the same time points, while the levels of PLGF [(29.42±4.82) μg·L~(-1),(35.94±5.12) μg·L~(-1)],VEGF [(729.36±60.23) μg·L~(-1),(837.41±82.36) μg·L~(-1)],Ang-2 [(18.32±3.02) μg·L~(-1),(24.26±3.29) μg·L~(-1)],and TGF-β [(16.32±2.78) ng·L~(-1),(20.27±3.08) ng·L~(-1)] were higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Yiqi Bushen Yangxue Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment shows significant clinical efficacy for RAS,can effectively regulate Th17 cell-related effector factors in patients, alleviate inflammatory responses, and promote placental angiogenesis.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 190K]

  • Self-formulated Huangqi Danshen Decoction in Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke

    YU Xiaoke;REN Ping;The Third Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Henan University of Chinese Medicine;

    Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of the self-formulated Huangqi Danshen Decoction in treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods: A total of 120 AIS patients admitted from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group(n=60,conventional treatment) and a study group(n=60,conventional treatment combined with self-formulated Huangqi Danshen Decoction).The efficacy, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),neuropeptide Y,S100β,β-amyloid protein 42(Aβ42),hemorheological indices, inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial function were compared.Results: The total effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment, in both groups, NIHSS,neuropeptide Y,S100β,Aβ42,plasma viscosity(PV),erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI),fibrinogen(FIB),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),interleukin-6(IL-6),plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1),and endothelin-1 levels were lower than before treatment(P<0.05),while nitric oxide(NO) levels were higher than before treatment(P<0.05).Moreover, the decrease or increase in these indicators was more significant in the study group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion: The self-formulated Huangqi Danshen Decoction demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in treating AIS,improving neurological deficits, hemorheological parameters, vascular endothelial function, and modulating neuropeptide Y,S100β,Aβ42,and inflammatory factors.

    2026 03 v.41;No.334 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 172K]
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